Ozempic and Mounjaro: what does oral health have to do with these medications?

Medications such as Ozempic (semaglutide) and Mounjaro (tirzepatide) have become well-established as weight loss aids, fueling a real craze for these “slimming pens.” Despite their widely recognized metabolic benefits, an important warning has been drawing the attention of experts: the adverse effects of these medications on oral health.

This relationship has been the subject of studies and clinical reports around the world, which document cases of dry mouth, gum inflammation and, more recently, oral infections. These effects can affect the patient's quality of life and, in some cases, worsen pre-existing conditions.

According to dentist *Dr. Bruno Matias , the interference caused by medications in the oral cavity, although still little discussed, has a significant impact. “The reduction in salivary flow, commonly reported by patients who use these medications, is the main problem. Saliva is essential not only to protect teeth from cavities and gum disease, but also to prevent the emergence of fungal infections”, explains the specialist.

Side effects on oral health

Among the most common side effects is xerostomia, or dry mouth, a condition caused by decreased saliva production. According to a study published in 2023, patients undergoing treatment with semaglutide presented severe xerostomia in recurrent cases, which can open the door to a series of complications.

One of the problems is the increased risk of cavities and periodontal disease, especially when the use of these medications is not accompanied by increased oral hygiene care. “A dry oral environment favors the proliferation of fungi, such as Candida albicans, often associated with whitish and painful lesions, known as oral candidiasis,” says the implantology specialist.

Another point raised by Dr. Bruno is the worsening of gum inflammation, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, which are already common in diabetic patients. Although glycemic control promoted by medications helps to stabilize these conditions, the challenges generated by dry mouth can outweigh this benefit, leading to inflammatory complications.

“The most severe impact has been observed in patients with a history of poor oral hygiene, pre-existing periodontal disease or uncontrolled metabolic conditions. In extreme cases, dental abscesses and even the progression of severe periodontitis may occur,” warns Bruno Matias.

Another effect that has bothered patients is bad breath, often caused by the combination of dry mouth and the state of ketosis, in which the body starts to burn fat as its main source of energy. Although ketogenic odor is not always directly related to oral health, the lack of saliva tends to exacerbate the problem, creating social discomfort.

Multidisciplinary monitoring

Despite the warnings, it is important to highlight that the use of pens such as Ozempic and Mounjaro, when properly indicated, brings numerous benefits to general health. Studies have already proven their effectiveness in weight loss, diabetes control and the prevention of serious metabolic diseases.

However, as with any treatment, monitoring by qualified professionals is essential, and multidisciplinary care — involving doctors and dentists — prevents complications and ensures a more complete approach to the patient's overall health.

“It is essential that patients who use these medications inform their dentist about their use during regular checkups. This allows the professional to be alert to signs of oral complications. In addition, the emphasis on oral hygiene and personalized guidelines for oral hydration can prevent major problems,” concludes Dr. Bruno.

Reinforcement of hygiene

For pen users, it is recommended to reinforce the routine of brushing teeth, using dental floss and drinking enough water throughout the day, using artificial saliva, with appropriate recommendations, and including moisturizing mouthwashes when necessary. These simple measures are effective in keeping the mouth healthy, even when salivary flow is reduced. “In more serious cases, such as white lesions on the mucosa or persistent pain, a dentist should be consulted immediately.”