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Global warming increases the number of risky pregnancies, according to an NGO report

Global warming increases the number of risky pregnancies, according to an NGO report

By The New Obs with AFP

Published on , updated on

A pregnant woman.

A pregnant woman. NICOLAS MESSYASZ/SIPA

Extreme heatwaves , which are becoming more frequent due to global warming , do not only threaten the elderly. They also increase the risks for pregnant women and their babies , a phenomenon that is increasingly being understood by scientists.

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"Climate change is increasing pregnancy-related risks worldwide due to extreme heat," summarizes the report from a leading US-based NGO, Climate Central, relayed in France by the Conséquences association, on Wednesday, May 14.

Its authors sought to measure the extent to which pregnant women's exposure to excessive heat had increased across the world since the 2020s, and to what extent this increase is linked to global warming.

"Clear evidence"

Ultimately, "in most countries (221), climate change has at least doubled the average number of days of extreme heat that are risky for pregnancy each year," concludes this analysis. And the increase is particularly marked in regions where "access to care is limited, notably in the Caribbean, as well as in parts of Central and South America, the Pacific Islands, Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa."

This study has its limitations. Its authors did not look at the extent to which pregnant women were actually more affected in the countries concerned, only commenting on the increase in risky temperatures. Above all, it provides "clear evidence of increased risks associated with exposure to extreme heat," researcher Ana Bonell of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine told AFP, stressing that her conclusions could apply equally to the elderly.

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But, by focusing on pregnant women, this report highlights risks that have been relatively little discussed by the media and health authorities, in contrast to the dangers among older people. However, the risks of heat, and by extension global warming, for pregnancy are increasingly well documented, even if many questions remain about the physiological mechanisms that explain them.

"There is a lot of recent work in this area," says Ana Bonell, who has notably shown, in Gambia, the negative effects of extreme heat on the development of the fetus and the infant.

Lack of information

A larger study, published in 2024 in the journal "Nature Medicine," gives a general idea of ​​the state of knowledge: high temperatures increase multiple risks, ranging from premature births to death of the newborn, including congenital malformations. "Increasing exposure to heat poses a major threat to the health of mothers and newborns," warn the authors of this work, compiled by compiling nearly 200 studies.

However, the magnitude of this threat at the individual level must be put into perspective. According to this study, a heatwave increases the risk of experiencing pregnancy problems by 1.25 times, which makes little difference to an individual pregnant woman. But for the population as a whole, such a level represents significant public health consequences. Experts therefore largely agree on the need to respond with various adaptation measures, not to mention the fight against global warming itself.

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Some measures would not only benefit pregnant women: "greening neighborhoods, limiting pollution, creating cool spots," lists Lucie Adélaïde, an epidemiologist in France at Inserm, quoted in the Consequences report.

But she also emphasizes the need to better inform those affected so that they can better protect themselves, while in France, pregnant women are rarely mentioned during annual heatwave prevention campaigns. "Some public sites already provide very useful recommendations, but they are still too little known," concludes Lucie Adélaïde.

By The New Obs with AFP

Le Nouvel Observateur

Le Nouvel Observateur

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