An overlooked 'invisible enemy' has been identified: It can cause lung cancer in anyone, and no one is safe.

Scientists from the Medical University of Vienna (MedUni Vienna) have released a groundbreaking study proving that plastic pollution is no longer just an environmental problem but also a direct public health threat. The research has revealed for the first time the biological mechanisms by which microscopic plastic particles we breathe in lead to cancerous transformation in healthy lung cells.

Cancer research, which has for years linked factors like genetics and radioactivity, has identified a previously overlooked "invisible enemy." Polystyrene micro- and nano-plastics, found in food containers, cups, and other disposable products we use daily, have been confirmed to be carcinogenic when inhaled.

What's happening at the cellular level?

Researchers observed the destructive effects of these particles on lung cells step by step. Here's how the process works:

Deep Penetration: These particles, which are smaller than a thousandth of a millimeter in size, easily reach the deepest points of the respiratory system, namely the alveoli.

Cellular Attack: These microplastics, coming into contact with lung cells, trigger a series of harmful reactions:

They cause increased oxidative stress and DNA damage.

They activate molecular pathways that promote uncontrolled cell growth.

Most importantly, they reduce the capacity of affected cells to repair damaged DNA.

Tumor Formation: Mutations accumulate over time in cells whose defense mechanisms are weakened and whose DNA is damaged, and this paves the way for the formation of cancerous tumors.

It's not just an environmental issue anymore

The Viennese researchers emphasize that although the body's antioxidant systems initially form a defense mechanism against these foreign particles, this defense collapses with continued exposure.

These findings suggest that microplastics should no longer be viewed simply as a "waste pollutant," but as a direct carcinogen and a serious public health risk. The researchers are calling for urgent action to combat this invisible enemy:

Redesigning products with biodegradable materials.

Improving waste management systems.

Developing technologies to capture plastic pollution at its source.

Reducing dependence on plastic with circular economy models.

Continuous monitoring of air quality.